Adding starter code and solution for p4runtime exercise (#81)

Summary of changes:
- Adding the p4runtime starter code and solution.
- Adding NO_P4, BMV2_SWITCH_EXE and P4C_ARGS to utils/Makefile
- Updated p4runtime/Makefile to use variables
- Adding conversion functions for match and action param values
- Separating P4Info and P4Runtime libraries
- Updating global README and adding p4runtime/README.md
- Disabling screen saver on VM GUI
- Adding desktop icons for Terminal, Wireshare and Sublime Text
- Updating topo.pdf -> png for Markdown viewing in basic_tunnel and
  p4runtime READMEs

P4D2_2017_Fall/exercises/README.md

@@ -7,24 +7,27 @@ Welcome to the P4 Tutorial!
 We've prepared a set of exercises to help you get started with P4
 programming, organized into four modules:
 
-1. Introduction
+1. Introduction and Language Basics
 * [Basic Forwarding](./basic)
 * [Basic Tunneling](./basic_tunnel)
 
-2. Monitoring and Debugging
+2. P4 Runtime and the Control Plane
+* [P4 Runtime](./p4runtime)
+
+3. Monitoring and Debugging
 * [Explicit Congestion Notification](./ecn)
 * [Multi-Hop Route Inspection](./mri)
 
-3. Advanced Data Structures
+4. Advanced Data Structures
 * [Source Routing](./source_routing)
 * [Calculator](./calc)
 
-4. Dynamic Behavior
+5. Dynamic Behavior
 * [Load Balancing](./load_balance)
 
 ## Obtaining required software
 
-If you are starting this tutorial at SIGCOMM 2017, then we've already
+If you are starting this tutorial at the Fall 2017 P4 Developer Day, then we've already
 provided you with a virtual machine that has all of the required
 software installed.
 
@@ -36,25 +39,11 @@ To build the virtual machine:
 - `cd vm`
 - `vagrant up`
 - Log in with username `p4` and password `p4` and issue the command `sudo shutdown -r now`
-- When the machine reboots, you should have a graphical desktop machine with the required software pre-installed.
+- When the machine reboots, you should have a graphical desktop machine with the required
+software pre-installed.
 
-To install dependences by hand:
-- `git clone https://github.com/p4lang/behavioral-model.git`
-- `git clone https://github.com/p4lang/p4c`
-- `git clone https://github.com/p4lang/tutorials`
-Then follow the instructions for how to build each package. Each of
-these repositories come with dependencies, which can be installed
-using the supplied instructions. The first repository
-([behavioral-model](https://github.com/p4lang/behavioral-model))
-contains the P4 behavioral model. It is a C++ software switch that
-will implement the functionality specified in your P4 program. The
-second repository ([p4c](https://github.com/p4lang/p4c-bm)) is the
-compiler for the behavioral model. It takes P4 program and produces a
-JSON file which can be loaded by the behavioral model. The third
-repository ([tutorial](https://github.com/p4lang/tutorial)) is the P4
-Tutorial itself. You will also need to install `mininet`. On Ubuntu,
-it would look like this:
-
-```
-$ sudo apt-get install mininet
-```
+To install dependencies by hand, please reference the [vm](../vm) installation scripts.
+They contain the dependencies, versions, and installation procedure.
+You can run them directly on an Ubuntu 16.04 machine:
+- `sudo ./root-bootstrap.sh`
+- `sudo ./user-bootstrap.sh`